Geological Considerations Before Installing Ground Source Heat Pump Systems
As the GSHP systems have relatively high installation costs, it is important that geological data and knowledge is available so that costs can be minimized. Furthermore, detailed geological information like surface and sub-surface temperature, thermal properties of the soil, water table, flow direction and type of soil etc. is also required for efficient design of the system.
Soil Suitability for Geothermal Heat Pumps (Closed-Loop Horizontal Residential)
Ground source heat pump systems provide a viable alternative to conventional heating and cooling systems in the move towards sustainable building solutions. The most important factor for successful operation of a ground loop heat system is the rate of heat transfer between the pipe and surrounding soil.
Techniques for Sewer Condition Assessment
Zoom cameras Closed-circuit television Digital scanners Laser profilers Remote sensing diagnostic techniques Zoom cameras Cost and time saving preliminary inspections Main premise is that most of sewer problems occur at or near maintenance holes Provide good quality imagery up to 20-75 m pipe length Able to survey 150 to 1525 mm diameter sewers Colour videos and digital images saved on optical storage devices
Factors Affecting Selection of UUL Technologies
Every underground utility locating technology has its own limitations. There is no single technology that can be used for every type of utility, soil type, and site. Many factors, including characteristics of expected underground utilities, geological conditions at the site, environmental and social factors, and experience of the operators should be considered as criteria for the appropriate selection of technologies.
Underground Utility Locating Technologies
The most widely used approach for wastewater pipelines condition assessment is to define condition states based on a set of variables collected by visual inspections. A state is defined as “a combination of specific level of variables that provides a complete description of the dynamic behavior of the system”. The current condition of an asset and its likely rate of
Reasons for Infrastructure Deterioration
The under investment in public works programs; The lack of good management systems for infrastructure; Failure to recognize the importance to the future economy of maintaining a sound physical infrastructure; Cut-backs that have slashed public-works budgets; Failure to replace the infrastructure as fast as it wears out; failure to realize that lack of physical infrastructure
