Physical Properties of Soil

Using volumes is not very convenient in most calculations. An alternative measure that is used is the voids ratio, e. This is defined as the ratio of the volume of voids, Vv to the volume of solids, Vs, that is A related quantity is the porosity, n, which is defined as ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume. The degree of saturation, S, has an important influence on

Concrete Basics - Properties, Concepts and Composition

Concrete is made by mixing: Cement, water, course fine aggregates and admixtures (if required). The aim is to mix these materials in measured amounts to make concrete that is easy to: Transport, place, compact, finish and which will set, and harden, to give a strong and durable product. A concrete mix is designed to produce concrete that can be easily placed at the

Engineering Properties of Cement

Concrete is a compound material made from sand, gravel and cement. The cement is a mixture of various minerals which when mixed with water, hydrate and rapidly become hard binding the sand and gravel into a solid mass. The oldest known surviving concrete is to be found in the former Yugoslavia and was thought to have been laid in 5,600 BC using red lime

Properties of Fresh Concrete and Factors Affecting Properties

Fresh concrete is that stage of concrete in which concrete can be moulded and it is in plastic state. This is also called "Green Concrete". Another term used to describe the state of fresh concrete is consistence, which is the ease with which concrete will flow. The transition process of changing of concrete from plastic state to hardened state. Setting of concrete is

Properties of Hardened Concrete

It is mainly due to the binding properties of cement that the ingredients are compacted together. If the paste has higher binding strength, higher will be strength of concrete. It is mainly the aggregate that provide strength to concrete especially coarse aggregates which act just like bones in the body. Rough and angular aggregate provides better bonding and

Engineering Properties of Fat Lime

Fat lime is produced from sea shell, coral deposits etc or from lime stone containing impurities like free sand and soluble silica combined with alumina, magnesium, carbonate etc. If the proportion of free sand is large, the resulting lime becomes progressively poor and is called poor or lean lime. Fat lime slakes rapidly when water is added giving out considerable

Properties of Hydraulic Lime

Hydraulic lime is obtained from limestone or kankar, containing a very small %age of free sand and soluble silica combined with 10-39% of clay and magnesium carbonate. It also contains CaCO3. These components impart the property of Hydraulicity to lime. Hydraulic lime slakes very slowly (sometimes taking several hours even days to do so) without producing

Concrete Shear Wall Strength and Properties

Shear wall is a structural member used to resist lateral forces i.e parallel to the plane of the wall. For slender walls where the bending deformation is more Shear wall resists the loads due to Cantilever Action and for short walls where the shear deformation is more it resists the loads due to Truss Action. These walls are more important in seismically active zones because

Definition and Properties of Emulsified Asphalt

A mixture of asphalt cement, water and emulsifying agent (free flowing liquid at ordinary temperature). These three constituents are fed simultaneously into a colloid to produce extremely small globules (5-10µ) of asphalt cement, which are suspended in water. The emulsion contain about 50% - 65% bitumen. Is graded as rapid setting, medium setting (MS) and slow setting