Uses & Design of Flow Equalization Tank
Flow equalization is method used to overcome the operational problems and flow rate variations to improve the performance of downstream processes and to reduce the size & cost of downstream treatment facilities. To prevent flow rate, temperature, and contaminant concentrations from varying widely, flow equalization is often used. Variations occur
Definition, Advantages & Disadvantages of Freeways
A freeway or corridor is a long stretch of road connecting various large and small streets intersecting it at various spots. They provide a non stop, comfortable and an easy access to the road users without delays and with less vehicular fuel costs with the presence of grade separated junctions including flyovers and underpasses. Freeways and corridors are free of
Compaction of Soil - Uses and Effects of Soil Compaction
Compaction is the application of mechanical energy to a soil to rearrange the particles and reduce the void ratio. The principal reason for compacting soil is to reduce subsequent settlement under working loads. As water is added to a soil ( at low moisture content) it becomes easier for the particles to move past one another during the application of the compacting
Reinforced Cement Concrete Design - Concepts and Theories
Since concrete is a brittle material and is strong in compression. It is weak in tension, so steel is used inside concrete for strengthening and reinforcing the tensile strength of concrete. The steel must have appropriate deformations to provide strong bonds and interlocking of both materials.
Types And Location of Canal Headworks
Any hydraulic structure which supplies water to the off taking canal. Diversion head-work provides an obstruction across a river, so that the water level is raised and water is diverted to the channel at required level. The increase water level helps the flow of water
Importance of Irrigation Engineering - Purposes, Objectives and Benefits
In the next 35-45- years, world food production will need to double to meet the demands of increased population. 90% of this increased food production will have to come from existing lands. 70% of this increased food production will have to come from irrigated land
Methods & Techniques of Irrigation
The pressurized systems include sprinkler, trickle, and the array of similar systems in which water is conveyed to and distributed over the farmland through pressurized pipe networks. There are many individual system configurations identified by unique features (centre-pivot sprinkler systems). 2. Gravity Flow Irrigation Systems convey and distribute water at the field
Surface Irrigation Methods - Advantages and Disadvantages
Surface irrigation is the introduction and distribution of water in a field by the gravity flow of water over the soil surface. The soil acts as the growing medium in which water is stored and the conveyance medium over which water flows as it spreads and infiltrates. Common surface irrigation systems used are rill irrigation, furrow or border irrigation. The term 'surface
Types of Pavements - Flexible Pavement / Rigid Pavement
Flexible pavements are those pavements which reflect the deformation of subgrade and the subsequent layers to the surface. Flexible, usually asphalt, is laid with no reinforcement or with a specialized fabric reinforcement that permits limited flow or re positioning of the roadbed under ground changes. The design of flexible pavement is based on loadEquipment and Advantages of Aerial Photography
Arial photogram try induces the use of photographs taken in a systematic manner from the air they are then controlled by lend survey and measured by photogrametric techniques. Since the First World War the terrestrial photographic surveying has been replaced by aerial photographic surveying or aerial surveying for most of survey work due to development of aero plane.
Advantages and Limitations of Prestressed Concrete
The pre-stressing of concrete has several advantages as compared to traditional reinforced concrete (RC) without pre stressing. A fully prestressed concrete member is usually subjected to compression during service life. This rectifies several deficiencies of concrete. The following text broadly mentions the advantages of a pre-stressed concrete member with an
Advantages of Micro Hydel Project
A small scale power plant that generates electricity using the energy potential of water. Micro-hydro power plants convert the energy of flowing water into electrical energy. The energy produced by them is renewable & the process does not emit polluting gasses.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Bricks
Masonry structures are the oldest structures. These are structure built by using masonry units with mortar. The masonry units may be: Brick is a solid unit of building having standard size and weight. Its history traces back thousand years (almost 7500 BCE). Clay bricks made of fired clay. Since the clay bricks or burnt bricks are strong, hard, durable, resistive to abrasion and fire
Advantages & Disadvantages of Lateral Intake
When a certain amount of water is to be diverted from a river stream to some other location different types of structures are used such as weir, notches etc. Now to carry this amount of water to place where it can be used for some useful output different types of
