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Canal Comes Alive with Lighted Boat Parade.

Determination of Discharge Capacity and Number of Spillways

The maximum discharge capacity and the number of spillways are determined by studying the following factors: By studying the flood hydrograph of past ten years, the maximum flood discharge may be computed which is to be disposed off completely through the spillways. The water level in the reservoir should never be allowed to rise above the maximum pool

Factors Affecting Location and Necessity of Spillways

The height of the dam is always fixed according to the maximum reservoir capacity. The normal pool level indicates the maximum capacity of the reservoir. The water is never stored in the reservoir above this level. The dam may fail by over turning so, for the safety of the dam the spillways are essential. The top of the dam is generally utilized by making road.
By Haseeb Jamal - Jul 23, 2017

Stability and Failure of Earth Filled Dams

This type of dam is made up of only one type of material. Usually porous materials is used. These dams are easy and cheap to construct but cannot be used to make multipurpose large dams. For large multipurpose dams zoned type method is used. Over topping failures result from the erosive action of water on the embankment. Erosion is due to

Spillway Control Devices - FlashBoards and Stop Logs

The simplest form of control for a spillway is the free, or uncontrolled, overflow crest, which automatically releases water whenever the reservoir water surface rises above crest level. The advantages of the uncontrolled crest are the elimination of the need for constant attendance and regulation of the control devices by an operator and the freedom from maintenance

Soil Cement - Definition, Use in Earthfill Dams & Embankments

In recent years soil cement as a facing material for earthfill dams has been found economical where suitable riprap is not available near the site. A reasonably firm foundation is preferred so that deformation after placement of soil-cement is not significant; however, no unusual design features need be incorporated into the embankment. Normal embankment

Requirements Of Small Hydro Power Project

All civil works must be durable and maintainable to 15 years, except in cases of specific components where rebuild is explicitly included and costed in the management plan. Civil works must be designed for adequate and safe performance at minimum expense. Reliable methods of diverting flow from the silt basin, canal, forebay, and from the penstock, so that
By Haseeb Jamal - Jun 09, 2017

Requirements Of Small Hydro Power Project

All civil works must be durable and maintainable to 15 years, except in cases of specific components where rebuild is explicitly included and costed in the management plan. Civil works must be designed for adequate and safe performance at minimum expense. Reliable methods of diverting flow from the silt basin, canal, forebay, and from the penstock, so that

Writing Small Dam Project Inception Report

Introduction: This is the foremost part of the report and hence a summary of the whole project, its clients, funding and the team working on it should be provided here very briefly. This intro may also contain background of the inception report, who created it, using what tools, information and sources and the limitations (if any) of this report. Project Background: It is the

Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydropower Plants

Hydropower is the most widely used renewable energy technology. It is a mature technology and its strengths and weaknesses are equally well understood. Advantages and disadvantages of hydropower schemes can be listed in terms of economic, social and environmental aspects. Hydropower plants can provide peak load service. Their fast response times enable

Munda Headworks Reconstruction on River Swat

The recent floods in 2010 have badly destroyed the headworks and causing a huge loss the agriculture potential of the area and country as well but due to strong struggle and insists of the people of shabqadar ( Merzai, Katozai, Mahzara etc). It was reconstructed in record time. If in case it was not constructed in time it may have cause a huge loss to the agriculture

Steel Structures used in Hydropower Projects

All the hydraulic structures have been optimized considering the sediment load, suspended particle size and reduction in head race pipe diameter. Following are the some of the most common types of Hydraulic steel structures used in: Trash racks and safety grates are a critical element of outlet structure design and serve several important functions. When properly designed

How HydroPower Plants Work

As people discovered centuries ago, the flow of water represents a huge supply of kinetic energy that can be put to work. Water wheels are useful for generating motion energy to grind grain or saw wood, but they are not practical for generating electricity. Water wheels are too bulky and slow. Hydroelectric plants are different. They use modern turbine generators to produce

Impact of Indian Dams in Kashmir on Pakistani Rivers

Pakistan is an agricultural country. Eighty percent of its agricultural output comes from the Indus Basin. Pakistan has one of the world's largest canal systems built much before Independence by the British. On April 1, 1948, India stopped the supply of water to Pakistan from every canal flowing from India to Pakistan. Pakistan protested and India finally agreed on an interim

Energy Crisis & Rich HydroPower Potential of Pakistan

Hydropower is globally recognized as a renewable, cheap and reliable resource of energy. It generates electricity with zero emission and produces no waste. There is no requirement of fuel, operating cost is much lower and hydropower plants have longer economic lives than thermal plants. Pakistan is endowed with a Hydel potential of more than 40,000 MW. However,

Types of Embankment Dams - Earth Dams, Rockfill Dams

The two principal types of embankment dams are earth and rock-fill dams, depending on the predominant fill material used. Some generalized sections of earth dams showing typical zoning for different types and quantities of fill materials and various methods for controlling seepage are presented in Figure 2-1.

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