Turbidity of Water sample Using Nephelometric Method

Water is said to turbid when it is seen containing materials of suspension inside it. While turbidity may be defined as the measure of visible material in suspension in water, turbidity may be caused by algae or other organisms. It is generally caused by silt or clay. The amount and character of turbidity depends upon two things: Type of soil over which flows, The velocity of

Experiment To Find PH Value of Given Water Sample

"PH" value is the measure of concentration of hydrogen in water it shows the alkanity or acidity of water. Mathematically PH may be defined as: The negative log of hydrogen ion concentration. This reaction shows that the number of H4 and OH ions are equal experimentally it has been proved that the product of concentration of H4 and OH is a constant quality K,

Finding Total Hardness Of Water Using EDTA Method

Hard water is generally considered to be one which requires considerable amount of soap to produce foam or leather. Hard water cause scale formation in boilers heaters and hot water pipes. The rain water catches CO2 from the atmosphere when the water pass through CaCO3 rock in the Soil, these compounds make the water hard. Calcium and magnesium chlorides

Determination of Suspended Solids in Water

The total dissolved solids mainly consist of the test that acts as a check on detailed analysis. Another useful aspect is that electric conductivity can be continuously recorded. Any sudden change indicate a change of water. A treatment method can be there fore instantly detected. Determination of total solids is used in two operations. In developing a potential source

Finding Alkalinity of Water Sample by Indicator Method

Alkalinity is an important determination to the water treatment plant operator because some of the coagulants used to clarify water and prepare it for filtration required sufficient alkalinity to insure a proper reaction. The alkalinity may be increased by adding lime or NA2CO3. Excessive alkalinity may be however interfere with coagulants.

Find Coliform Bacteria By Multiple Tube Fermentation Technique

Many bacteria are found in water. most of them are totally harmless (non pathogenic) and few are harmful (pathogenic), which causes diseases e.g. typhoid, fever, parathyphoid, dysentery, and cholera etc. The ground water at great depths is free from these bacteria. The sanitary engineer is not concerning all of them. The Coliform group is one of

Measure COD of WasteWater Using Closed Reflux Method

Place Approximately 500ml Of Sample In a clean blender bowl and homogenizze at high speed for two minutes. blending the sample ensures a auniforum distribution of suspended solids and thus improves the accuracy of test results. Holding the vial by the cap

Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand Of Wastewater

Bio oxygen demand (B.O.D) is the amount of oxygen required for the microorganisms (bacteria) present in the waster water to convert the organic substance to stable compounds such as CO2 and H2O. Bacteria placed in contact with organic materials will utilize it as a food source in the utilization the organic material will be oxidized to CO2 H2O. B.O.D is

Find Dissolved Oxygen in given Sample by Azide Modification

Oxygen is required for all living organisms for growth (metabolism) 21% in air quantity directly related with atm pressure and inversly proportional to temp for trout 7.5 mgl required. Add 2ml alkali iodide azide if becomes yellow = oxygen present while no oxygen ppt will be created let it settle ( Na2S03, Sodium sulphride) brings oxygen to zero. Add NaS03 to another

Tests Applied on Concrete for Strength and Workability

SAMPLING The first step is to take a test sample from the large batch of concrete. This should be done as soon as discharge of the concrete commences. The sample should be representative of the concrete supplied. The sample is taken in one of two ways: For purposes of accepting or rejecting the load: Sampling after 0.2 m3 of the load has been poured. For routine

Concrete Slump Test - Theory and Lab Test

A slump test is a method used to determine the consistency of concrete. The consistency, or stiffness, indicates how much water has been used in the mix. The stiffness of the concrete mix should be matched to the requirements for the finished product quality. Slump is a measurement of concrete's workability, or fluidity. It's an indirect measurement of concrete

An Experiment on Hydraulic Jump

Hydraulic jumps are very efficient in dissipating the energy of the flow to make it more controllable & les erosive. In engineering practice, the hydraulic jump frequently appears downstream from

Determination of Particle Size Distribution by Sedimentation Analysis

The soil suspension is opaque, so take the readings corresponding to the upper level of meniscus. The time interval between readings should be such that the hydrometer is stable at the time of next reading