This is a hypothetical Live Load Model proposed by AASHTO for analysis of bridges. Reason for proposing this live load model is to prescribe a set of loads such that it produces extreme load effect approximately same as that produced by the exclusion vehicles.

The term bituminous materials is generally used to denote substances in which bitumen is present or from which it can be derived. Bitumen is defined as an amorphous, black or dark-colored, (solid, semi-solid, or viscous) cementitious substance, composed principally of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, and soluble in carbon disulfide. This article presents the

The minimum amount of steel reinforcement is defined as that for which "peak load at first concrete cracking" and "ultimate load after steel yielding" are equal. In this way, any brittle behavior is avoided as well as any localized failure, if the member is not over-reinforced. In other words, there is a reinforcement percentage range, depending on the size-scale,

Irregular supply of water in the rivers is then regulated by construction of dams & barrages. Canal system irrigates a vast area. Even the deserts have been made productive. Cheap labour and availability of cement reduces the cost of canal construction. Huge quantities of water from Monsoon rainfall & melting of snow can be stored in reservoirs during

The vinyl paints are ideal for items that get repainted every few years. It does not last quite as long. There is some new paint that goes on almost twice as thick as normal paint. They come with a lifetime warranty against peeling and blistering. Following are some of the characteristics of good paints: