Bolt connections are widely used in steel structures to join structural members together and transfer loads. There are different types of bolt connections based on the behavior of the connected members and the way the bolts are loaded. Two common types of bolt connections are slip-critical connections and bearing type connections.

Failure in steel structures can occur due to various factors and modes of failure. Here are some common types of failures that can affect steel structures: Buckling occurs when a structural member, such as a column or beam, experiences compressive forces that exceed its critical buckling load. This can result in sudden and catastrophic failure, leading

The eccentricity of an applied force refers to the distance between the line of action of the force and the axis of rotation or the point of application. In other words, it measures the offset or the perpendicular distance between the force and the axis or point about which the structure or object rotates or experiences the load.

Structural bolts are a type of fastener specifically designed for use in structural steel connections. They are used to join structural members together, providing strength, stability, and load transfer in various construction projects. These bolts are engineered to withstand high loads and offer superior tensile and shear strength compared to standard bolts.

Shear area refers to the portion of a structural element that resists shear forces, while bearing area refers to the contact surface between two elements that transmit compressive forces. Accurate determination and proper consideration of shear and bearing areas are fundamental in designing steel structures to ensure their safe