Sea walls are vertical or near-vertical structures constructed along the coastline to provide protection against wave action and coastal erosion. Groynes are long, linear structures built perpendicular to the shoreline. They trap sediment and help maintain or build up beaches.

The ductility test and the penetration test are two different tests conducted to evaluate different properties of bitumen. While both tests provide important information about the characteristics of bitumen, they assess different aspects of its behavior. The ductility test measures the ability of bitumen to stretch or elongate without breaking.

Wood is a versatile and widely used construction material that has been utilized for thousands of years. It offers several advantages and is still preferred in many applications today. Here are some key points about wood as a construction material:

Collector roads, also known as collector streets, are roadways that serve as an intermediary between arterial roads and local streets within a transportation network. They play a crucial role in distributing traffic flow from arterial roads to local streets and vice versa. Collector roads are typically designed to balance traffic efficiency and access to adjacent properties.

Arterial roads, also known as arterial streets or highways, are major roadways that form the primary transportation network within a city or region. These roads are designed to handle high volumes of traffic and provide efficient connections between different areas, such as neighborhoods, commercial centers, and industrial zones.