Soil is compacted into a mould in 3 - 5 equal layers, each layer receiving 25 blows of a hammer of standard weight. The apparatus is shown in Figure 1 above. The energy (compactive effort) supplied in this test is 595 kJ/m3. The important dimensions are:

Curing is a procedure that is adopted to promote the hardening of concrete under conditions of humidity and temperature which are conducive to the progressive and proper setting of the constituent cement. Curing has a major influence on the properties of hardened concrete such as durability, strength, water-tightness, wear resistance, volume stability, and resistance

It is similar to freezing and thawing action In winters to remove the ice over large structures e.g. deck of bridge etc the chemical sodium chloride NaCl or calcium chloride CaCl2 is added these chemicals decrease the freezing point of water and the ice melts. When ice melts they get dissolved in it. A super saturated solution (called brine if NaCl is used) is formed over the

Dams are considered to be a vital element for the economic and energy growth of any country. As compared with other sources of energy the Hydel energy proves to be more cheap and environment friendly. Being massive structures dams are needed to be deal with intense care and precautions in order to avoid any unpleasant event.

Water moves primarily downward due to gravity. Water infiltrates from surface and moves downward to water table or ponds on impermeable surface (clay layer, etc.) to form a Perched water table