The thickness of pavements depends on a number of variables, but from experience it has been found that the following factors affect the performance of pavements to a great extent. Traffic Factors, Soil Factors, Environmental Factors, Stress Distribution Factors.. Traffic is the most important factor in the pavement design. The key factors include contact pressure

A certain crop grown in a sunny and hot climate needs more water per day than the same crop grown in a cloudy and cooler climate. There are, however, apart from sunshine and temperature, other climatic factors which influence the crop water need. These factors are humidity and wind

Any material used for a construction purpose in the form of solid, semi-solid or liquid, processed or unprocessed (raw material) is known as construction material. A material engineer must be familiar with a wide range of materials used in a wide range of structures and is responsible for the following jobs with certain limits of compromises to be made on site.

Chlorine demand refers to the amount of chlorine required to achieve a desired level of disinfection in water or wastewater treatment processes. When chlorine is added to water, it reacts with various substances present in the water, including organic matter, ammonia, and other chemicals. These reactions consume chlorine and reduce its

Category includes all types of wholesale, retail and service activities serving areas larger than neighborhoods. Included in this category are the ff: Major Central Business Districts in urbanized areas Minor Central Business District in less urbanized areas Highway Service Centers or Commercial Strips such as highway gas stations, traveler's inn and restaurants