Shrinkage dish, electric oven, mercury, electric balance, sieve#40, spatula and containers. Take a soil sample passing through sieve#40 and add some amount of water in it to form a thick uniform paste. Take the shrinkage dish, weigh it, and put some of the soil mixture in it by spatula, fill it and again weigh it. Place the shrinkage dish in the oven for 24hours.

It is the type of survey in which the study of Physical features, topographical features, atmosphere, contours, soil types and water resources of the area is done. Related Surveys: River Survey Photogrammetric Survey Geodetic Survey Tunnel Survey It is the type of survey in which the study of Physical features, topographical features, atmosphere, contours, soil types and water resources of the area is done.

As originally proposed, Rankine's theory is applied to uniform cohesion-less soil only. Later it was extended to include cohesive soil by Bell in 1915. The following cases of active earth pressure on cohesionless backfill will now be considered: Dry or moist backfill Submerged backfill Partly submerged backfill Backfill with uniform surcharge Backfill with sloping surcharge

Surveying is indispensable to a number of human endeavor, which use surveying principles and practice to their required areas of application. The types of surveying and application are identified and explained below: 1. ALTA / ACSM survey 2. Archaeological survey 3. Agricultural development survey 4. As-built survey 5. Bathymetric survey 6. Construction survey

i) Route Flexibility: Can we take any route any time ( Not possible in case of railways) ii) Time flexibility: Can the vehicle move or stop any time ( for Railways, time scheduling is done to maintain certain distance between two trains moving on the same track in same direction) iii) Vehicle Flexibility: Whether various types of vehicles can be used on the facility or not. In case