A Master Plan is a general plan for the future layout of a city showing either the existing and proposed streets or roads; open spaces public buildings, etc. A city is historically established and the most rational and sustainable form of human settlement. Owing to objective regularities of regional town planning, cities have repeatedly been rebuilt, changing their

The traditional building materials for bridges are stones, timber and steel, and more recently reinforced and pre-stressed concrete. For special elements aluminum and its alloys and some types of plastics are used. These materials have different qualities of strength, workability, durability and resistance against corrosion. They differ also in their structure

Analytic method i.e. through bearing capacity equations like using Terzaghi equation, Meyerhof equation, Hansen equation etc. Correlation with field test data e.g. Standard penetration test (SPT), Cone penetration test (CPT) etc. On site determination of bearing capacity e.g Plate load test, Pile load test. Presumptive bearing capacity (recommended bearing capacity,

It is a useful graphical technique for finding principal stresses and strains in materials. Mohr’s circle also tells you the principal angles (orientations) of the principal stresses without your having to plug an angle into stress transformation equations.

There are several methods for sewage waste disposal, and the most appropriate method of sewage disposal depends on various factors such as the scale of the system, available infrastructure, local regulations, Dry or conservatory system Water carriage system (99.9)