All civil works must be durable and maintainable to 15 years, except in cases of specific components where rebuild is explicitly included and costed in the management plan. Civil works must be designed for adequate and safe performance at minimum expense. Reliable methods of diverting flow from the silt basin, canal, forebay, and from the penstock, so that

It is a vehicle unit used for expressing highway capacity. One car is considered as a single unit, cycle, motorcycle is considered as half car unit. Bus , truck causes a lot of inconvenience because of its large size and is considered equivalent to 3 cars or 3 PCU. Volume: Number of vehicles crossing a point on the road during a specific time period. It is carried out for:

Engineering Mechanics, Engineering Mechanics Lab, Engineering Drawing Engineering Materials, Computer Applications in Civil Engg. & Communications, Applied Linear Algebra, Electrical Technology, Mechanics of Solids, Computer Programming for Civil

Concrete is a composite material composed of coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time. In its simplest form, concrete is a mixture of paste and aggregates, or rocks. The paste, composed of portland cement and water, coats the surface of the fine (small) and coarse (larger) aggregates. Through a chemical reaction called hydration, the

Introduction: This is the foremost part of the report and hence a summary of the whole project, its clients, funding and the team working on it should be provided here very briefly. This intro may also contain background of the inception report, who created it, using what tools, information and sources and the limitations (if any) of this report. Project Background: It is the