The basic principle is to stack the timber so that plenty of air can circulate around each piece. The timber is stacked with wide spaces between each piece horizontally, and with strips of wood between each layer ensuring that there is a vertical separation too. Air can then circulate around and through the stack, to slowly remove moisture. In some cases, weights can be placed

In order to produce an accurate map from aerial photograph it is absolutely necessary to established ground control. It consists in locating the positions of a no of pts. All over the area to be surveyed det their levels. These control pts short be such that can be easily identified on the photographs.

Pile foundations of various types, sizes, shapes, and materials are part of every other structure in the world. Pile foundations are often subject to both axial and lateral loads. Piles that sustain lateral loads of significant magnitude occur in offshore

There are three modes of shear failure, i.e. General, Local and Punching shear failures depending upon the compressibility of soil and depth of footing with respect to its breadth (i.e D/B Ratio). When the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil is reached, it may fail in one of the following three failure mode depending upon the type of soil and depth to width ratio of the

The compression test shows the best possible strength concrete can achieve in perfect conditions. The compression test measures concrete strength in the hardened state. Field concrete samples are prepared, cured and tested according to ASTM standard procedures. Specimens are prepared from concrete taken from