Freeboard is the vertical distance between the crest of the embankment and the reservoir water surface. Free board can be defined in different terms such as: Normal freeboard is defined as the difference in elevation between the crest of the dam and the normal reservoir water level as fixed by design requirements. Minimum freeboard is defined as the difference in

It is the ability of a road to accommodate traffic volume. It is the maximum hourly rate at which vehicles can reasonably be expected to cross a point on a roadway during a given time period under prevailing traffic roadway and control condition. For multi lane highway it is 2000pcphpl,

it is the ability to redistribute the load. Simple beam is determinate. Fixed beam is indeterminate by 2 degrees so it has two redundant actions. fixed supported beam is more better as indeterminate structure can redistribute the load. When load increases support becomes plastic and it turns into a simply supported beam. But simply supported does not go through the stage of plastic

Survey Stations is a point of importance at the beginning and end of chain line. There are two types of survey stations: ... These are the end of survey line i.e. which connects boundaries. Line joining Main Stations is called Main Survey Line or Chain Line.

Flow equalization is method used to overcome the operational problems and flow rate variations to improve the performance of downstream processes and to reduce the size & cost of downstream treatment facilities. To prevent flow rate, temperature, and contaminant concentrations from varying widely, flow equalization is often used. Variations occur