Methods of Surface Treatment of Roads and Highways

Although the best type of surface course is pre-mix carpet for highway maintenance. The surface treatment methods are employed when: Intensity of traffic is not very high. the pro-mix mixers are not easily available due to long transportation or technical reasons. when the cost is high.

Types of Bricks and Classification of Bricks based on different Factors

Classification of Bricks Based on Quality Based on uses Based on Composition Based on Manufacturing Process Tests for Bricks Compression Test Soundness Test Water Absorption Test Efflorescence Test Dimensional Tolerance Composition of a Brick Normally, brick contains the following ingredients by weight

What is Varnish and Types of Varnishes

Varnishes are more or less transparent liquids which are used to provide a protective surface coating in much the same way as paints do” At the same time they allow the original surface to show but add a lustrous and glossy finish to it. All varnishes have basically the same

Types of Bitumen and Importance of Bituminous Materials

Bitumen is an essential component of any pavement and is used widely throughout the world. It can be termed as the building block of the pavements without which all the pavement materials would behave independently and thus will be deemed useless. Almost ninety percent of bitumen is used in road construction. It is usually available in dark colors ranging from brown

Purposes and Functions of Foundations

The low artificially built part of a structure which transmits the load of the structure to the ground is called foundation. OR A foundation (also called a ground sill) is a structure that transfers loads to the earth. Foundation of a structure is always constructed below the ground level so as to increase the lateral stability of the structure. It includes the portion

Types of Highways Maintenance | Routine, Emergency, Reactive

Preserving and keeping each type of roadway, roadside, structures as nearly as possible in its original condition as constructed or as subsequently improved and the operation of highway facilities and services to provide satisfactory and safe transportation, is called maintenance of Highways. Generally following factors affect the maintenance of pavements.

Traffic Information Dissemination Media

TV (full time versus conventional news cast), Easy access to traffic hotspots on UW2.TV, Channel 76 on digital cable, Low cost to public (user), Higher cost to disseminator, Short duration message, Misses details, some geographic areas, Only for pre-trip information, Generally not available on demand. Radio Low cost to public (user), Short duration message

Types of 'Timing of Information Delivery'

Information differs depending on what you want / expect to be done with that information General information (congestion/accident ahead) Routing (use alternative routes / modes – usually needs to include specific directions Potential effect is based on when you provide the desired information: Change route, Change mode (if P&R is viable alternative), Give up trip

Frame Structures - Types of Frame Structures

Frame structures are the structures having the combination of beam, column and slab to resist the lateral and gravity loads. These structures are usually used to overcome the large moments developing due to the applied loading. Types of Frames: Frames structures can be differentiated into: 1. Rigid frame structure Which are further subdivided into:Pin ended, Fixed

Types of Infrastructure in Urban and Rural Areas

Transportation, Water and Waste water, Waste Management, Energy production and distribution, Buildings, Recreation facilities, Communication. Transportation: Ground transportation (roads, bridges, tunnels, railroads) 
 Air transportation (airports, heliports, ground facilities, air-traffic control) 
 Waterways and ports (inland waterways, shipping channels, terminals, dry docks, sea

Types of Traffic Models

Microsimulation models track individual vehicle movements on a second or sub second basis. Microsimulation relies on random numbers to generate vehicles, select routing decisions, and determine behavior. Because of this variation, it is necessary to run the model several times with different random number seeds to obtain the desired accuracy. There will be a

Types of Grit Chambers in Waste Water Treatment

Check the SLR (1200-1700 m3/m2-day) and Vs (≥ 0.01 m/sec). Grit produced is about 1.5 ft3/ML of wastewater flow. Add to depth {1ft FB + grit}... Assume a depth (D = 08-15 ft), determine the surface area of the basin. And check the SLR (1200-1700 m3/m2-day)... The amount of grit produced is about 1.5 ft3/ML of wastewater flow. Add suitable depth from

Types of Screens in Waste Water Treatment Plants

Screens can be classified on the basis of following criteria: Opening size: Coarse, Medium, Fine Cleaning Method: Manual, Mechanical, Raked, Water jet

What is a Premix and Types of Premix

Something that is mixed or blended from two or more ingredients or elements before being used. This term is used usually for concrete in civil engineering. Sheet Asphalt: A premix of bitumen and sand (with or without filler) and containing coarse aggregate that exceeding 30%, laid in thickness varying from ¾" to ½" (dense carpet, stone metal is discarded and

The Geological Cycle of Rock formation

Geological cycle includes many processes acting simultaneously. The most important of these begin with molten magma from within the earth forming into rock, then continue with rocks being broken down into soil, and that soil being converted back into rock.