In this method, the prestressing tendons are initially tensioned between fixed abutments and anchored. With the formwork in place, the concrete is cast around the highly stressed steel tendons and cured. When the concrete has reached its required strength, the wires are cut or otherwise released from the abutments. As the highly stressed steel attempts

Zoning has been adopted by most of the countries of the world such as Germany, England, America, Russia, Japan, Pakistan etc. In 1916 first zoning in New York was carried out. The land which is developed without any motive of making profit It includes roads, parks, playgrounds, educational buildings, government offices. The main non profit making use in urban

Roads are designed for a specific volume of traffic and load and beyond which it may fail. By crossing the elastic limit of the materials used in the construction of the roads. Over loading by commercial trucks in Pakistan is a serious problem. The heavily over-loaded trucks stress the road structure beyond their safe bearing capacity. As a result of which roads break up. The

Discrete, non-flocculent particles in a dilute suspension - settle as separate units, and there is no apparent flocculation or interaction between the particles - settling of sand particles in grit chambers. Settling of flocculent particles in a dilute suspension - flocculate during settling and increase in size and settle at a faster velocity - settling in primary

Known as the Water Cube, the National Aquatic Centre is the site of the aquatic games at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. The National Aquatic Centre, or Water Cube, sets next to Beijing National Stadium in the Olympic Green. The cube-shaped Aquatic Centre is a steel frame covered with a membrane composed of energy-efficient ETFE, a