Force the river into restricted channel, to ensure almost axial flow near the weir site. (embankments in continuation of G-Banks. To contain flood within flood plains). Provided on the upstream in order to protect the area from submergence due to rise in HFL, caused by afflux. Embankment type structures constructed transverse to river flood, extending from the

The ratio of the amount of water available (output) to the amount of water supplied (input) is known as Irrigation Efficiency. It is expressed in percentage. The following are the various types of irrigation efficiencies: (a) Water Conveyance Efficiency: (ηc). (b) Water Application Efficiency: (ηa). (c) Water Use Efficiency (ηu): (d) Consumptive use Efficiency (ηcu):

If the surface is warm and moist, air in the region becomes warm and moist also. If the air then moves to different regions it takes these properties along, gradually changing in response to the new area. Air masses are designated as cold or warm and moist or dry. It is a boundary between two air masses. The term has its origins analog to military operations as the

Particles of fine grained soil are more influenced by variation in moisture content then by any other course. Soils that have ample supporting power under one set of moisture condition may be entirely unsatisfactory if the percentage of moisture change. From study of soil it in observed that between the dry state and where moisture demand is satisfied the volume

The predict the sub grade performance of the given soil. As the purpose of the sub grade is to given adequate support to the pavement thus the sub grade should posses’ sufficient stability under the adverse climate and loading conditions. Consists largely of mineral matter formed by the disintegration or decomposition of rocks, caused by the action of water,