Topographical Survey: Degree of accuracy is comparatively low. American survey put 250 km2 for treating survey as Plane, but controlling factor should be degree of precision rather than extent of area. Cadastral Survey: Details such boundaries of houses, town, fields and other properties pathways are determined. Engineering Survey can be further divided into:

Stone being so important in the light of the above uses still is not widely used in construction. The reasons are: Stones are replaced by the increased use of RCC. Dressing of stones is time consuming Stones are not cheaply and conveniently available in plain areas. Marble is widely used in construction industry, for aesthetic purposes, beautification and strength. Nite, and

If a bedrock or rocklike material is present at a site within a reasonable depth, piles can be extended to the rock surface. In this case, the ultimate bearing capacity of the pile depends entirely on the underlying material; thus the piles are called end or point bearing piles. In most of these cases the necessary length of the pile can be fairly well established. Instead of

The architectural design uses the interlocking arabesque concept, in which each element stands on its own and perfectly integrates with the main structure. It uses the principles of self-replicating geometry and symmetry of architectural elements. The main archways, chiseled with passages from the Holy Qur’an and the bold scroll work of flowery pattern, give a captivating

The more compact grained and heavier a stone the harder it is. Due to alternate wetting and drying the resulting crushing strength can be reduced even up to 30-40%. Being dry stones allow more crushing strength than when wet. It is the ability of a stone to endure and maintain its essential and distinctive characteristics i.e. resistance to decay, strength and