It is the process of weakening rock and producing a rock waste or soil cover. Weathering occurs when rocks and minerals comes in contact with the atmosphere, organic life and suicidal water. Essential feature of weathering is that it affects rocks in-situ (in place) and no transportation of material is involved. A part of rainfall always snips into the soil on the covered rocks

The main objectives of this project are to evaluate the quality of drinking water sources in rural areas, covering 24 districts (94 tehsils) in four provinces of Pakistan, and design and install water conditioning and filtration units in the problem areas, in collaboration with local governments to ensure safe supply of drinking water to the rural population. The water

Topographical Survey: Degree of accuracy is comparatively low. American survey put 250 km2 for treating survey as Plane, but controlling factor should be degree of precision rather than extent of area. Cadastral Survey: Details such boundaries of houses, town, fields and other properties pathways are determined. Engineering Survey can be further divided into:

Stone being so important in the light of the above uses still is not widely used in construction. The reasons are: Stones are replaced by the increased use of RCC. Dressing of stones is time consuming Stones are not cheaply and conveniently available in plain areas. Marble is widely used in construction industry, for aesthetic purposes, beautification and strength. Nite, and

If a bedrock or rocklike material is present at a site within a reasonable depth, piles can be extended to the rock surface. In this case, the ultimate bearing capacity of the pile depends entirely on the underlying material; thus the piles are called end or point bearing piles. In most of these cases the necessary length of the pile can be fairly well established. Instead of